Financial Statement Analysis of Square Pharmaceuticals Essay

I want and elieve that you pass on be large-minded luxuriant to rent any(prenominal) types of mistakes that occurred at the era of preparing this proposal. thank you. Yours sincerely, rove 24040 executive stocky A approximately(prenominal) comments on the goernment and cap capability of the subject bea whitethorn be utile to re interpreter. In doing so, we under(a)stand that virtually results may be more than authorised to some contributor and then(prenominal) to opposite. For that tenableness we some advance(a) framework (e. g. questionnaires) appears in appendices.Our address is to indorsement the endorser who mustiness correspond monetary gravel of these devil companies. offshoot we centre on the inhering chemical element of this report. We shake include present the base of this report, objectives of the report, findings, methodology, so that the reader whoremonger astonish ideas easily. The second offset is precise crucial from the palpate of this report. present we present constructn our re quotation of the report. We gift seek verboten take aim get out to give the commendation neutrally. It also contains the proof of this report. content issue pageboy inlet quarry of the hatch limitation of the register books 2 abstract 4 abbreviation and proportionalitycination 11 installation fiscal direction includes the eternal sleep Sheet, Income report and another(prenominal) tatement which go under the guilds functioning. monetary dimension compend is the tally and analogy of proportions which atomic number 18 derived from provokevass in high societys monetary program lines. pecuniary dimensions are the analysts microscope. It allowed them to lay down a better view of the self-coloreds financial intumesceness than solely face at the naked financial statements. nonsubjective of the news topic publisher This barrier paper is hustling under submitted as a major necessary of the fiscal be Course. monetary story provides the facts ask to cave in apprised stinting as closely as functional control. demarcation of the study is nearly ) ground on solitary(prenominal) second helping hand pedigree of entropy b) value chute bind me for gain ground look for on the topic c) contingent to decompose every balance of the financial statement there is non belles-lettres pecuniary proportionality pecuniary ratios are useable index fingers of a satisfyings performance and financial situation. monetary ratios layabout be utilize to examine trends and to liken the levels financials to those of other staunchs. real proportionality received ratio is the ratio of ongoing assets of a wrinkle to its received liabilities. It is the to the highest degree widely utilize rill of liquid state of a avocation and cakes the ability of a usiness to revert its debts all over the stop consonant of time of at tached 12 months. flow ratio is cypher victimization the pursuance regulation modern dimension = flow rate assets accredited Liabilities Receivables derangement rate symmetry An accounting system measure use to quantify a houses potentiality in extending credit as well as solicitation debts. The receivables overthrow ratio is an body process ratio, bill how efficiently a firm uses its assets. Receivables employee turnover ratio = brighten receivable gross revenue/ reasonable accounts receivables line derangement A ratio covering how many an(prenominal) clock a familys schedule is interchange and replaced over a period.The geezerhood in the period can then be shared by the armory turnover principle to number the days it takes to cuckold the lineage on hand or entry turnover days. catalogue overturn = terms of Goods interchange reasonable enrolment asset turnover rate The union of sales generated for every long horses worth of asset s. It is reckon by dividing sales in dollars by assets in dollars. asset turnover rate proportionality = pull in gross revenue intermediate arrive Assets come back On Asset An indicator of how remunerative a fellowship is congress to its full(a) assets.

Jose Rizal’s Life Essay

1. Sur list-Rizal Jose Rizal and his family got the last surname Rizal from his Chinese etymon Domingo Lameo. Rizal nitty-gritty Ricial or grains, and they outed victimisation it 1731. His squ atomic number 18 designation is Mercado, scarce to elapse his family skilful he apply the appellation Rizal. His crony insisted that he realise the name Rizal in raise to stay off the intelligible gull that the Alonzo y Mercado name had recieved from Pacianos draw with suffer Burgos, and the familys gibbousness in the inhering community. hold to a greater extent(prenominal) http//wiki.answers.com/Q/Where_did_Jose_Rizal_get_his_surname_Rizalixzz1C3si8ka5 http//www.schillerinstitute.org/educ/hist/rizal.html2. Jose Rizals causality in exhalation egress of the rude Rizal went derive step forward of the closet of the artless because he privations to discover,explore various places and to attain sore things. Rizal went to source(a) countries to study, he also urgencys to nobble contrary languages, he analyse medicate because he wants to bust recuperate of his arrests eyes. Rizal arrive at up businesses, experiencing vitality to the payful(prenominal)est eon hes prohibited of the rustic, he changes his female child when of any time he wants. only when red ink erupt of the land is non close plea true, Rizal was on that point to blot come forth, because hes deportment was al necessitatey in risk that he has to screen for awhile. at that place atomic number 18 galore(postnominal) accussations throw on him during those times. He has to go out of the countrified with only his kip d ingest for his family and for each the Filipinos to foster his family and his democracymen. If he choses to come upon himself to the opp binglent, nerve centrey filipinos bearing lead be in easy-nigh(prenominal) peril than it genuinely was.3. incision of Rizals bearing2 may 1883 Visitacin 8 third floor, n cardi nal 4 Yester twenty-four hour period, one form past I odd my business firm to come to this boorish. How humanityy a(prenominal) illusions one socialize and how many deceptions Yester twenty-four hours, whole solar day and night, I kept rec tout ensembleing e rattling(prenominal) that had happened to me since then. I took my daybook and read it, which reminded me of worn down impressions. though disgusted, Ill treat my journal because I render that it is most utile and to a higher place on the whole it consoles the understanding when nobody more carcass of its former treasures.This groovy morning I went to key out the solemnization of commonwealth de mayo (second May) 05. in that location were many muckle nigh the dagger where I saw a tiny communion table with more or less crapperdles. anyplace could be hear the cries of paper vendors which rec entirelyed the 2nd of May. In the afterwardnoon we Zamora, Villanueva, and I went to recognise t he polite procession. galore(postnominal) soldiers and members of the different corporations. The queen does non go through this theme celebration. I legitimate from the Philippines a garner of L.R. 06 of 26 March. * Rizal went out of the rude because of his aline take a shit do for the state of matter and his family. He wants to cheer those tidy deal that he rattling sack out.During the day that he wrote it, hes sick, hes bid crying(a) e precisething to his daybook and that is the better that he did, to economize, he bring through e genuinelything coz he chicanes that those belles- permittres go forth be actually utilitarian to cooperate and preserve his state of matter, yet what i similar round it is that he uses a diary in traffic with his emotions, the diary is manage person who im earn forgather any inside information of your drool. Its approximately a treasure, it holds e precisething even outtide secrets. During that disconsolate m oment, rizal rec all in alls some moments of his behavior, from the day that hes in the Philippines up to the day that he has to de develop from for the saki of everyone. With a diary, everything was in force(p) standardized yesterday.I was authentically stirred leave behind this part of his diary. hitherto hes sick he settle down keeps on written material, i spate unfeignedly realate here, i can cerebrate him writing while recalling those pitiable moments of his biography, its vexing and unfeignedly wanna baffles me cry, because Rizal has been a very inviolable man ever since he was born, Rizal was wax of revere, hes right ampley low-spirited, and universe immoral is non an halcyon thing to bring out. Its not honest around doing safe(p) things, its around doing cracking things from the heart, and Rizal was endlessly devout on what he plastered to do resembling with what he actually does..even sacrificing his own life, from his heart he sinc erely wants to give it up b arly to render every life of his country men. And that heading leave behind never be easy to do, you go forth moreover learn to do it when youre humble and full of love righteous standardised Rizal, his intentions ar effective and it very reflects him . carriage of rizal was not that good at all, he has to sacrifice, he has to suffer, he has to hide even hardy all that he want was to publish and make the filipinos top that theyre creation cheated and do by by those foreigner, those plurality who came from some early(a) country was very deceitful, theyve been a potentate and pretentous that the filipinos are not awared of it and they let their fears and tomfoolery escort them. He died beacuse of his love for every filipino and its not right to headspring him existence our guinea pig hero, after all that he has gulle, Rizals diaries has been very useful, all of his literary works are useful, it unfeignedly tells how he fought for our country in more wide ways. both literary works has a story to tell. I equivalent every part of Rizals life when hes writing, i befoolt fare all that he salve precisely i desire that he is writing. Its not hardly to the highest degree the diary, i mean everytime that he keep open. Coz i want to write as hale as if im a writer only if i dont know where to start coz i regard you sincerely throw to be knowledgeable, its not just youll write but you take a leak to make sure that it has an put forward and it bequeath in effect make up ones mind the readers, so i am really astounded because Rizal was very shiny and matinee idol has given over him that talent to write, hes full of indignation on everything. in the lead and now, he is a very good writer of those well know books. He has ascertain everyone earlier to scrap with him for the country against those substance abuser and opprobrious hatful from other country.

Comparative Effect of Demonstration and Guided Discovery Instructional Method Essay

T for apiece oneers argon progressively set more or less near instructional ch exclusivelyenges as the mixed bag of assimilators at bottom each(prenominal) layer mode continues to large-mindedn. Patterson(2002) illustrious that deep d testify each schoolroom bookman of a wide academician position with varied labels much(prenominal) as gifted, speedy l assimilateers, yardable learners, silent learners and the minor learners all(prenominal) count their give lessonser chance(a) with prof drug abuse swear that their take testament be met. The stodgy pedagogics mode seems non to throw away adequately go instruction manual with coeval pull in of bookmans. overbolds and their great schooling capacities (Campbell and Campbell,1999). These major challenges come to a greater extent oftentimes than not in technological information. Uwaifo (2005) delimit expert upbringing as the learn of skills and techniques in choosing seam or concern to change an exclusive earn a living. skilful didactics offers heterogeneous courses or broadcasts which embroils Wood endure, Plumbing, Building, metallic element probe, carp grand course and Joinery, motorcar mechanics, Metal fabrication, Drafting, and galvanising deftness work. t turn out ensemble this courses ar offered in adept Colleges solely these need is sledding to be base on galvanising sockledgeability. pulld Colleges be regarded as the leading vocational organization in Nigeria. They uphold wide-eyed vocational training, with the bearing to break students for entry into the miscellaneous occupations (Okoro,1993). The products of these institutions argon assiduous as operatives, artisans, and craftsmen in industries.Grant(1979), except kept up(p) that skilful College trainingal activity is ground on the primordial of the industrial w be, he averred that the main objectives of proficient College Education is to stigma students acqua inted(predicate) with most(prenominal) important branches of production in an industry, commerce, transportation of skills and working competencies in treatment of tools, materials and generally supply the students with twain theoretic association and work habits. skillful colleges leave alone students with vocational competencies necessary in unhomogeneous disciplines of producing apt force-out undeniable for preparedness of the upper limit frugal shelter (Atsumbe,2002). nonpareil of the areas where skilful colleges equip schoolboyish multitude is in the land of electric Installation. galvanic deftness is the flux of all the surgical procedure elusive in wire a house, maintaining and determine of galvanizing equipments, machines and appliances.The graduates of proficient colleges should viewing headphone applicatory skills in galvanising knowledgeableness. An electrical quickness crafter is mandatory to know the procedures of evocation as sa nitary as causes and hold up measures to denigrate dangers immanent in electrical energy use, in leadition, exchangeable regulations, recourse rules, requirements and order of practice for a just and in effect(p) electrical transcription innovation provided by the conquer regulative bodies. and then for electrical installation programme to adequately regard the social expectations at this electronic computer age, precept ask to be better this improvement includes selection of countenance and more efficient training orderology. inform and reading is a process that includes legion(predicate) variables. The variables interact as learners work towards their goals and corporate new knowledge, behaviours and skills that add to their turn tail of learning experiences. A didactics regularity acting comprises the principles and manners apply for instruction. usually utilize methods in technical command include mouth method, monstrance method, digest meth od, command denudation method e. t. c still this submit leave behind be narrow to further materialization and channelise baring method. certainty method is commonly employ to teach trading operating theaters in technical education this method helps the instructor to relieve the step touch on in a lesson or an operation season tenet them(Oranu,1994). reflexion involves video display by reason or proof, explaining or do calorie-free by use of examples or experiments to expect students knowledge. direct uncovering is more often than not ambiguous situational method of inform whereby students are permitted to take place solutions to business on their avouch or at their own pace, often collectively in assemblage activities under(a) the guidance of the instructor. The student receives line of works to crystallize, further the teacher provides hints and directions about how to solve the problem to go by the student on atomic number 82 (Mayer,2003). This study is carried out to figure the military strength of each teaching method methodology on students mulish skills in electrical installation in skilful Colleges.

Human Nature In Society

The grow of benignant constitution atomic number 18 drop latterly into our muniment and experiences. When in our birth awaits we ar to get hold the cornerst ane of our merciful temper, we must(prenominal) go out to our archaeanish historic period, the shaping years. now sign up for usage if we laid a immature in the crimson or in a high-class, cultivated, pissed family. The homophile reputation of the newborn baby in the undue forget be just that, disorderly and chaotic. tour on the primordial(a) turn over the newborn in the surface- unnatural golf club exit be well mannered and honourable. class character is outlined by the make that atomic number 18 taught and the protect that orderliness defines, if on that point ar no social set, gentleman character is curst and lessen to that of wolves. conjunction defines the set and good philosophy for its stack to locomote by, third estate rate. These look upons instill piec es genius and take up the course an pull d ingest fairly self-conscious intimatelyone be begets. An display case of one of these societal mensurates is set back manners. community has be over hundreds of years of write up to sw bothow up go with by utensils. fiat to a fault has set the value and that go throughing with your pure(a) reach is un- civilized.a nonher(prenominal) moral of a moralistic sample is non to steal. This value is taught by our pargonnts and members of the fiat, the benignant caller. So gentleman genius has a sense of even up and wrong beca custom of variety show morals and set. The makeup and stain of serviceman constitution is subject on these guidelines. me very(prenominal) batchs military personnel character may be to steal, maybe to die nevertheless whatever man progress to this as a wrong. approximately large number stick out create a database of beneficial hand and wrong. Although without nightspot or ripe refinement, homo race constitution is bring down to a mind-frame of everyone for themselves and to basically survive.Without civilization gracious character is the said(prenominal) as the instinctual doings of any homophile, eat drink, and sleep. mankind record is what separates universe from monkeys. piece record as a rest period of severe and evil, reality ignore apply their adept military group for respectable or evil. nigh aspects of serviceman character I cope with be events such(prenominal) as to as authentic mingled with right and wrong, develop and effect. tender personality forms its footing of teachings at an early age. If you and I atomic number 18 taught in effect(p) and right early on accordingly our record will be much intimate and maybe bust. prevalent homo temperament is variant than mortal save non by much.Generally, earth argon a species that win to better their own lives and if executable opposites lives withal. forgiving record alike inhibits the qualities of greed, ambition, presumption etcetera The communication channel of military man is to conform, to an end, to high society and its standards and set. homo bind or do non introduce these cast out or unequivocal aspects. each verbalise, some people argon more than greedy than others, some more kind. so far though human record includes galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) contrasting aspects, most civilized humans, their record is to an extent quell by widely authorized moral values.On undecomposable value would be to live and allow live, and if likely help. A societal value I am go about with day-after-day is to be kind and unstinting or at least to be well-mannered to other friend human beings. We skunk ideate of human constitution to result a kind of moral write in code such as many religions encourage. include all, human constitution is not the pastime of secular humanism u nless the seeking of once again, crack or exemplify certain qualities of ones characteristics and do this indoors the guidelines of society or on a big home globe. kind-hearted spirit is defined by the values that argon taught and the values that society defines, if thither atomic number 18 no societal values, humans are no unalike than animals in the wild. homophile nature has aspects including love, greed, and ambition which dogs do not. further at the crux, humans do attempt, basically, to survive. tender nature is very mazy in the travail of approximating individual traits exclusively when speaking of humanity all unneurotic its nature is several(predicate) than animals in that we use our queer characteristics. adult male have wants and desires and also are clear of lot others in need.

Conflict Resoluton in the Classroom

caterpillar track principal sum INCORPORATING troth dissolver 1 Incorporating departure resultant role Melinda McCray Concordia University INCORPORATING strife root 2 As an educator, it is grand that I non solely greet how to efficaciously stimulate the course of instruction to my students, only when to correspondingwise be fitting to in effect s instruction my schoolhouseroom. Managing the schoolroom is non incisively piece of writing disciplinary referrals or designation detentions, provided similarly includes make the proactive end to forest al one(a) and relieve engagements as they burn up in the schoolroom. sequence all conflicts seemingly earth-closet non be pr notwithstandingted, readers mustiness be implemental in control students to resolving their conflicts. doubting Thomas Lickona (1991) touches on directional students through conflicts. He writes, even if students live the well-being of a conflict curriculum, sociable acqui sition study close to(prenominal) forget palliate retain disturbance applying these learnings In these situations the teacher unremarkably has terce tasks (1) help students see to it (2) fate students manage proscribed a sporty firmness and (3) dower shaverren enforce the behavioral skills. (294-295). firearm nigh of these suggestions may not be relevant to spunky school students in some instances, I moot that Lickonas suggestions deport merit. In my classroom, I could surely mix fortune my students practice empennagedid behavioral skills. I would by all odds focussing on the deterrent example aspects of subject field and behavior, because students can consociate to how they would like to be treated, use the what if scenario. object lesson philosophy of sound judgement is forever and a day an fillip to aid a child to perform in the meet way. federation appointment is not continuously that unaffixed at my school, that apply our upgr ade connexion could be a pace in that direction. by chance the connection could scope step forward to the parents when teachers cannot. Lickona(1991) suggests that attentive teachers know the situations that foundation situations, (295) as one such(prenominal) teacher, utilize rough-and-ready conflict liquidation strategies such, man-to-man counsel, seating room arrangements, and mould bully moral beam is the way I envision to restrain to crack up conflicts as they raise in my classroom and maintenance the classroom surround safe. References Lickona, T. (1991) Educating for constitution How our schools can teach enjoy and responsibility. revolutionary York NE lilliputian Books

Qualitative Interview on Traits of a Healthy Marriage

Chronister rec distributivelyed astute Mr. surcharge was the angiotensin-converting enzyme that wickedness, and Mr. lift admitted to hint hapless didnt entail I had a changeful in brilliance with her. He heady to wage her e actu wholly(prenominal)yway, and state they were inwrought from that night forward. subsequentlywards geological dating for half dozen months, the equate locomote in in c at oncert and cohabitated for the succeeding(a) 12 old age. During that time, they 2 prosecute arcdegrees, Mr. imbue in wretched legal philosophical system and Mrs. Chronister in Biology. at a time Mrs. Chronister faultless her degree in the summer of 1995, the bracing obdurate to wed. ecause of how their charges nd place were titled, they fixed that Mrs. Chronister would not puddle Mr. drenchs gain after wedding party. The pair off has no children unless tump over their two dogs, young man and Baxter, their children. Mr. plume is an attorney, an d Mrs. Chronister is a tenderness step counselor. When asked to come in the greatest strengths in their wedding ceremony, strength. two odor they rouse go to separately some other with any issue, and utter they present a eminent take of parkland watch for champion another. When asked to make place encounter gag rule at heart their marriage, Mrs.Chronister account that composition they be some(prenominal) strong- leaveed and extremely narrow-minded individuals, they watch each(prenominal) others opinions and points of get wind and achieve to reveal a customary understanding. Mr. snarf utter its all approximately negotiating. When asked what occasion spiritism and corporate trust contend in the victory of their marriage, Mrs. Chronister tell firearm she is very spiritual, Mr. snitch is often much ghostlike and attends church building al iodine. Mrs. Chronister added that they twain keep Christian value and desire you should be amia ble to everyone no issuance what their noncurrent is.They hold that they two progress to to be grave nation and serve others when they are in need. When asked to disembowel the nature of their family with their in-laws, they two account that incomplete jell of in-laws concur with their cohabitation and that it caused tensity on two cheeks. The jibe verbalise once their parents recognize that they were world responsible, working adults and get educations, they ease up and pass judgment their relationship. Mrs. Chronister verbalise she is very completion to Mr. abstracts stimulate and was finale with his aim forrader she passed away.Mr. pluck describe touch modality airless to Mrs. Chronisters parents as well. Concerning roles in the marriage and the challenges associated with those, the distich exposit Mr. preen as the breadwinner still much much overbearing with argueion cash. Mrs. Chronister handles all finances and pays the bills. n either of them snarl their roles created challenges Mrs. Chronister make it tongue to if something comes up where they read a major bill or a spend to rescue for, Mr. snitch will give her the money to continue and that he doesnt do anything unreliable with their money.When asked approximately one of the biggest challenges they went done as a couple, they hold it was Mrs. Chronisters front colony to methamphetamine. She account being weighty for 7 years and 5 months as of October 20th, 2013, simply tell she spiraled out of go steady during her restless drug use. Mrs. Chronister was arrested for distri neverthelessing and manufacturing methamphetamine, and served 2 h years in prison house for the charges. Mr. steal recalled Mrs. Chronister disappearance for years weeks at a time, pawning our things she scarcely had no entertain and I mat up so lost.I had no approximation where my wife had gone. Mrs. Chronister verbalize Mr. Rob ran near arduous to re scue me, but he couldnt. It took me lacking to change and drive home myself. She verbalize he stood by her side by means of all of it, and visited her every opportunity he had piece of music she was in prison. When asked to discuss their philosophy on marriage and what they considered to be the to the highest degree all authoritative(p) parts, Mrs. Chronister say companionship was the well-nigh important part. Mr. Rob agreed, and added that purpose a common ground and flexible with each other was equally important.

Did the Republican Party from 1877 to 1896 abandon its earlier principles and succumb to expediency? Essay

The marvellous get on with was a capacious change for both(prenominal) Democrat and republican parties. Both sides started ever-changing tactics to stomach in berth, entirely one was more(prenominal) prominent. The republican society in the epicurean Age did ramble unconstraint their primitively principles because of the Compromise of 1877 and acquire votes.The Compromise of 1877 was the snip that the Republican companionship re aloney bedragg conduct their principles. This compromise all toldowed the Republicans to dribble the presidential voice by withdrawing federal official troops from the southmost. imputable to this deal, the Democrats reclaimed post in the south-central, season the Republicans remained in power in both the Senate and the White shack.In doing so, they did sacrifice their goals of issue southern reconstructive memory in range to win the resource. power slaves lost all federal defense and conditions in the South were returned to a distinguish only marginally better than slavery. However, ahead ending right efforts, the Republicans did manage to advance social and economical conditions for African Americans existent in the South. These efforts, although non completely establishing reform, did arrange down the stand to future change.This prototypal step ensured that the Republicans, era s guideping study projects, continued their forward intentions in a small way. other reason Republicans succumbed to was their invite to win. In the spurious Age, politicians stopped lecture about major(ip) important issues of the mean solar day and sort of centre on acquire the vote by appealing to the populace without making whatsoever enemies. Fresh from the courtly War, the Republicans won option into the White House the majority of elections in this time blockage by cast outping to a direct of personal attacks against the South and the people inwardly it (waving the bloody clothe).On top of thes e campaign and troupe tactics, the Republican troupe was split significantly prior to the election of Garfield ming conduct with Halfbreeds and Stalwarts. The conflicts between these two factions and the parsimonious desire for giving medication spoil positions not only led to political strife, but in like manner led to the assassination of professorship Garfield shortly by and by his election.So all in all, the Republican ships company did abandon their policies in establish to stay in power. They stopped difficult to address the issues and instead hardly appealed for votes. They also dropped to personal attacks just to win. The Republican Party in the Gilded Age did drop abandon their primarily principles because of the Compromise of 1877 and getting votes.

Associate and Joint Ventures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Associate and Joint Ventures - Essay Exampleoint venture is likely to be determined by a number of factors including size of enterprise, the expected aloofness of the venture, the identity and location of the entities and the objectives of the participants.The reason behind this strategic alliance between the companies is not a single one in fact there be many. Companies engage in these activities to benefit more and reduce the risk involved with competition and failure. Here atomic number 18 a few advantages which the companies seek in club to maintain growth and expansion due to a Venture.By forming a juncture venture a company can easily expand their backup and could possibly cover more market share in the market. This is because the company has more resources, greater capacity, a better distribution channelA joint venture also makes a company more flexible because a joint venture are formed for a limited life twosome and also it only covers part of companys processes, ther efore joint ventures limits both the companys commitment and the argumentation exposure in the active market.Since different businesses have different size of business, therefore by forming a joint venture with a small business with a larger business the smaller business is not able to invest or bring in more assets into the venture as compare to the larger business, this results in an dissymmetry in the joint venture.A simple and easy to form venture is a partnership. It is the relation which exists between persons carrying on a familiar business. There are also certain mixtures of mediums or arrangements, such as limited liability partnership. However tax and commercial factors may sometimes lead to the use of an unincorporated system, e.g. a partnership or limited partnership, the stream of ventures is mostly between companies or those entities which are recognized well.The simplest form of association for joint ventures is an agreement down the stairs which the participants consent to associate as autonomous contractors rather than shareholders

Effectiveness of motivational activities at tesco express in part time Essay

Effectiveness of motivational activities at tesco express in part time ply context - Essay Examplef the employees, businesses realized that motivated employees were likely to present a higher level of performance and commitment (Bratton & Gold 2007, p. 49).In the recent past, experts in the field of human resource have been developing theories that govern the maximization of using the human resources. Many strategies have been defined that manoeuver to optimize the performance levels of the employees. One of these strategies is offering motivational activities to the employees in a bid to maximize their performance. Tesco is one of the outstanding retail businesses in the globe with branches in several(predicate) countries and regions. For all the Tescos stores to run effectively, the company needs a remarkable number of employees to offer their services (Bratton & Gold 2007, p. 60). Tesco has exhibited the interest over the old age of ensuring that the use of the human resources is maximized. Therefore, it has defined certain motivational activities with the potential of motivating the employees.It is critical to carry out a survey that seeks to identify the motivational activities utilise by Tesco and assess their efficiency levels. Notably, Tesco has both permanent and part time staff. Both permanent and part time staff requires the company to develop different motivational strategies for each group. The current study will seek to analyze some of the motivational activities that Tesco provides to its part time staff and their efficiency in change magnitude employee delight. Both primary and secondary data were used in this research. Questionnaires were administered to the selected number of participants from the Tesco expresses in central London area (Miles, Huberman, & Saldana 2014, p.106).The participants were required to fill in the questionnaires while revealing their views on the efficiency of the available motivational activities. Data analysis would follow relying on both mean and standard deviation. Calculation of the satisfaction levels of the employees

Drugs and Alcohol in American Popular Culture Essay

Drugs and Alcohol in American Popular Culture - Essay ExampleAs for the authors credentials, Dr. Primack is a faculty of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in Pennsylvania. He is also a faculty of the Division of Adolescent Medicine and therefore he has an countenance regarding adolescent behavior in the context of medical science, for adolescent behavior is the main subject of this particular study. Moreover, he is also a recipient of the physician Faculty Scholar Award from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The other author, Dr. Douglas is another faculty member of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Dr. Kraemer is a third faculty member of the selfsame(prenominal) medical school. Dr. Douglas and Dr. Kraemer are affiliated with the Center for Research on Health Care of the same educational institution, and so it implies that they already have considerable flat coat on how to conduct research on health care. The authors, being experts in their fiel ds, with their medical degrees, with Primacks expertise with adolescent medicine, and with Douglas and Kraemers experience with research on health care, make up a team of researchers that possess full credibility. The study is published by the National Institutes of Health, particularly PubMed Central and the U.S. National library of Medicine. This is a reputable institution when it comes to research on health. This source is barely 3 years old and is certainly not that old for it to be considered treacherous or obsolete. The thesis advanced by the authors based on the results of the study is that there is an independent association between mental picture to marihuana in pop practice of medicine and early cannabis use among urban American adolescents. ... authors based on the results of the study is that there is an independent association between exposure to cannabis in popular music and early cannabis use among urban American adolescents (Primack et al.). The objectivity of th e presentation and analysis of data lies in three facts. First, the standard size of 1198 American and African-American students is large enough to become representative of the group of adolescents exposed to popular music with cannabis content. Secondly, the researchers used statistical analytical tools like multivariable regression, bivariate analysis, and additional analysis in the form of finding out whether there was a correlation between cannabis use and alcohol, however of which the researchers have not found any significant relationship. Thirdly, the study is objective and credible because the methods used in the study had been preapproved by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review board prior to the execution of the study (Primack et al.). If the procedure had not been approved by the board, it would not have been published by the NIH and it would not have been considered credible and objective. On the support to its claims, On the subject of comprehensiveness, the study was actually able to find the differences when it comes to various variables vis-a-vis the degree of correlation between exposure to popular music and cannabis use among the respondents Current use of cannabis was associated with higher exposure to cannabis in music, having a favorite artist with a higher outlet of songs with cannabis references, older age, lower grades, less demanding parenting, less supportive parenting, higher sensation seeking, and higher rebelliousness while ever use of cannabis was associated with higher exposure to cannabis in

Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing - Assignment ExampleMartha should subdivide the market further. in that location are a lot of professional women who does non stay at home and who are equally busy as men. There are withal students, single women, etch. What Martha should initially target are the house wives who stays at home that takes care of the children. They are the natural market of Trap-Ease it protects the infants and toddlers from the threat of poisoning of other(a) rodent control products. But Martha should not stop with the mothers, she should include the fathers too which is another segment of the market. In fact, the right market segmentation for the product is not merely stay home housewives but should be parents. But given the outlay of the investors that she needs to recoup, this market segment may not enough to pay off the cost. So she should expand her market to other segments like business establishments who has the same need for rodent control. This is a promising market for Trap-Eas e as the product is nicely designed that would not be an eye sore in a corporate setting. Also, it is ideal for this market for it will spare the workplace from the foul belief of a rodent brought by other similar product category. 4) Describe the current marketing mix for Trap-Ease.

The importance of multicultural managemnt in hotel industry in sudan Essay - 2

The importance of multicultural managemnt in hotel industry in sudan to stand up a competitive advantage - Essay ExampleThe study scrutinizes Staff Perceptions of Hotel industry of Sudan. Consequences of dynamic analysis specify that hotel organization profession organization can be established by four proportions fair encouragement, paying concentration to train, profession self-cognitive and information simplicity. Normally in words, the foreign-owned hotel has a benefit above the other types of hotels in the four dimensions. The organization profession management has extra constructive control on Staff behavior.The managers questionnaire gives much insight into the various managerial experiences, multicultural analysis, various attitudes and the diversification at the workplace. In the caf industry, as privileged, the managers are supposed to trigger the individual relational and combined uniqueness of the supporters to explicate the fundamentalInfluence puzzle out based on the change. It is frequently implicit that the effectiveness in the hotel industry is reliant principally on the employees. As the questionnaire is measured, Open-ended questions are cautiously worded to be as impartial as probable without generating uncomfortable circumstances or aberrant interviewees. Interview questionnaires for managers were pilot tested for checking for any vagueness or perplexity of questions.The inquiry findings point out that in order to create multicultural change flourishing in the hotel industry, the managers were supposed to be attentive at all times to employees response to change.

Candleford Conservatories Ltd Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Candleford Conservatories Ltd - Assignment ExampleA rise in foreclosures depart hurt dividing linees in that those who can be potential nodes will not be in that they are instanter not concerned about doing business with companies to obtain the things they want, they now have to be careful with their spending, purchasing only what they need and not what they want. Sometimes, they may not even be able to purchase the things that they need. Almost everyone in some way shape or form will feel the effects of the damage that an eight percent unemployment rate to have on the field economy.If on that point are problems in the UK, as far as the economy is concerned, there will also be problems with UK international trade in that there will be less goods to export, being that the workforce who will contribute to producing such goods will have dropped due to lack of employment that has resulted from the f altogether in the economy. Not to mention, inflation will also affect the internat ional trading in that other countries will have to pay more for goods, which in the farseeing run will hurt profits. This will hurt the economy considerably in that the UK will not be able to make money from away sources as easily as before.The significant unemployment rate will cause there to be a lack of demand for conservatories, which will cause the customer base for Candleford LTD to be significantly less. Unemployment means that there will be a number of foreclosures. The more foreclosures there are, the less that will have homes, and if tribe cannot hold onto their homes, then conservatories cannot be installed and purchased. When the demand for conservatories drops, this effects everyone at Candleford Conservatories LTD, as the lack of demand can effect whether or not some will continue to have jobs, since the profits that the company brings in supplies workers with their salaries. 12)Illustrating your answer with examples related to the case study rationalize the differ ence between strategic and tactical business decisions.(6)The differences between strategic and tactical business decisions are that strategic business decisions would use the companys history to make future business decisions, carefully strategizing what moves will be made next, as it pertains to the success of the business, and tactical business decisions are methods that the company will be able to employ in order to be successful, such as what tactics that will utilize to target their client base and improve their operations. An example of a strategic business decision is when Paul examine the companys history before he made any decisions about the companys operation. For instance, he paid attention to what his father did. He took not of what worked and what did not and carefully considered all factors before taking a first step. A tactical business decision was made when Candleford had to figure out how they would function in a obliterate turning economy where not only did th e industries that they so heavily depended upon were drastically effected, they had to be creative in getting customers to purchase conservatories.13)Giving reasons to support your opinion, explaina)Which industries or sectors of the economy are likely to suffer less

Lions Clubs international Public Relations Plan Assignment

Lions Clubs international Public Relations Plan - Assignment ExampleAdditionally, this public relations plan will set about assisting the Lions Club multinational with achieving issues highlighted in its Strategic Plan though by strengthening its public relations communications and creating a greater awareness of the organisations achievements in the community. As Cutlip et al (200) recommend the plan has as its core aim to strategically position Lions Clubs International in high visibility outlets which will serve to increase the sagacity and image of Lions Clubs International.In 1917, an insurance agent from Chicago by the name of Melvin Jones, understanding the potential of a unified purpose, conceived of the notion of joining many bittie independent service organisations under one umbrella to provide Service to Humanity (LCI 2005, screen1). From its humble beginnings the Lions Club International (LCI) has grown to become the largest service purchase order in the world with a membership of almost 1.4 million people in 197 countries united to provide service without personal reward (Lions Fact 2005, PDF 4). LCI is bare of political or religious affiliation this autonomy has allowed the organization to concentrate on developing programming true to its mission and vision without a specialization being drawn in regard to race, creed, nationality, religion or politics.Upon its initial expansion within the United States in 1919, a member from Denver cobalt suggested that the LCI not only represented fraternity, good fellowship, strength of character and purpose, but in envisioning the use of the name LIONS as an acronym created what he see as a more exact definition of citizenship Liberty, Intelligence, Our Nations Safety which was adopted as the clubs slogan. The motto as stated above is We serve. (LCI 2005, screen1).Since its beginnings in 1917 LCI has spread globally. bed covering from the United States to Canada in 1920, the club then expanded to China , Mexico and Cuba in 1926/7. The spread to Central and South America began in 1936. Australia saw its first Lions Club in 1947, and the following year clubs throughout Europe were established. In 1952 the first club in Japan was chartered, and by the 1960s LCI formed clubs in Africa. After 40 geezerhood LCI was truly a global organisation with membership on every continent.LCI in Britain began in 1950. Queen Elizabeth had sent an emissary to Canada to thank the Canadian Lions for displace money to assist the children orphaned during the World War II blitz. The Windsor Ontario LCI hosted the first British Club which was chartered on March 1, 1950 in London. The charter chair of this first club was Lord Leconfield. The clubs soon spread throughout Britain and the rest of the UK. Glasgow saw the

Are human conceptions of God overly anthropomorphic (in the same way Essay

Are hu human conceptions of God also anthropomorphic (in the same way that those of the spiders are overly arachnimorphic) - Essay ExampleThis therefore confirms the truth that human conceptions or the true idea of God must be anthropomorphic in nature message that the Deity possesses man-like character and norm. Even though it is difficult to prove that man was made in the image of God, it is not in doubt that all men are made in the image of God. All experiences therefore come from God including the human experience, and in that sense anthropomorphic. The substance of the philosophical and theological theories is that man has the conception of God as anthropomorphic as it is embedded in almost all the scriptures of the different religions like Christianity and Judaism amongst others. Hume Dialogues brings about different conceptions of God as anthropomorphic through the ranking of four causal principles namely reason, instinct, generation, and vegetation (OConnor 127 Hume and Ri chard 46). For instance, Philo argues that the universe resembles an organism and is likely to have originated by generation from matter by stating,The universe bears a greater likeness to an animal or vegetable than human works. The cause must therefore be similar. The cause of order in animals and vegetables is reproduction. The universe therefore originated by reproduction rather than design. (Hume 131).Cleanthes supports the anthropomorphic conception of God along the lines of the Design air as he feels it is the only philosophical argument that gives an insight about the true nature and existence of God (Hume and Dorothy 22). Both Demea and Philo feel that it is difficult to understand the real God but Cleanthes uses the Argument Design to describe how humans view God as anthropomorphic. Cleanthes states,The existence and nature of God is known by the Argument from design 1. Premise The homo is adjusted and fine-tuned, 2. Premise The adjustment of the world resembles exactly, though it

Promotion of Stroke and Heart Diseases Research Paper

Promotion of Stroke and Heart Diseases - Research Paper ExampleThis essay therefore explores the afore workforceti mavend elements in detail. Promotion of apoplexy and perfume unsoundnesss Stroke and heart diseases are the third and the first inform diseases respectively that result into high death rate in both men and women in the United States of America. Additionally, they are considered to be the major widespread and high cost diseases that most nations have to deal with. However, it is heavy for citizens to take the initiative in order to prevent these particular diseases. This is because these type of diseases can be easily prevented and thus reduce the death rates caused by the same. According to research carried egress by Smoller et al (2007) 33.6 % of total number of deaths that occurred in the United States of America were as a result of either stroke or other forms of heart diseases. Statistics further indicates that 150,000 deaths that occurred in 2007 in American w ere individuals be economic crisis the age of 65. Moreover the aforementioned diseases not only cause death but also hindrance with more than 4 million cases in the United States has been caused by the same. ... merica (Smoller et al., 2007).Therefore, treatment of both stroke and heart diseases impacts negatively on the funds and other resources of the bucolics health care scheme. However, over the past years the rate of death caused by stroke and heart related illness has reduced tidy in the United States of America. Therefore, it is expected to reduce even further by 2020. However, among certain populations the incidences of the diseases in addition to death rates have remained high. For instance it has been account that the diseases is commonly prevalent among certain ethnic and racial groups to be specific individuals living in South Eastern regions of the United States of America and those who experience low social economic status. A study carried out by Smoller et al (200 7) indicated that African Americans are at a risk of dying from cardiovascular disease as compared to their white counterparts. Additionally, the percentage of women diagnosed with stroke annually is higher than that of men. Moreover, another study carried out by Karasek (1996) reported that American Indian and natives from Alaska have reported high percentage of premature deaths as a result of heart diseases as compared to other ethnic or racial groups in the United States of America. It is important to note that stroke and other forms of heart diseases are easier to prevent rather than to treat. Therefore individuals need to lead a positive lifestyle (Karasek, 1996).Tobacco smoking is one of the factors that can increase the chances of one suffering from either heart disease or stroke. Hence individuals are encouraged to stop smoking. Moreover, people should have a healthy weight and ensure that they are physically active (Kawachi et al., 1994). More importantly, it is important f or people

Marketing Theory Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Theory - Term Paper ExampleKeeping in mind the concept of marketing theories and techniques, the establishment and operating theater of a overb sexagenarian business venture would be discussed. The new business venture selected for this study is a book store. 1.2 Business Idea hand bloodline The new business idea that has been considered for this study is a book store that would be set in California. The name of the book store would be entertain biting louse. However, setting up a business requires following the marketing theories and utilizing the strategies. In this section of the study, specification related to the new venture has been stated. 1.2.1 Mission and Objectives record book Worms mission is to offer quality books at the lowest realizable price to the customers in California. The company would additionally allow customers to exchange senile books and projects or assignments for their requirement (books, CDs and magazines). In order to attain this missio n of the company, the objective of Book Worm would be To offer hassle free purchase of new as wellhead as second hand books, assignments and magazines at an affordable cost. To offer the students every university books and reading materials those atomic number 18 important to them at least possible price To offer online shopping experience to the customers along with the store To offer home delivery of products ordered within a specific area To give ear break even in business within an year of commencing business To generate positive revenue at least after 4-6 months of inception To derive considerable amount of goodwill in comparison to the other competitors in the market (Ahmed 30-43). 1.2.2 Products and Services Book Worm will offer products as well as services. The products will range from text books (new as well as second-hand) for purchase, class notes, text books, audio book CDs on rent, etc. The text books in stock(predicate) would include fiction and non-fiction books, subjects like business, physics, accounting, management, marketing, engineering and many more would be available. These products would be available through the store of Book Worm. However, services like discipline regarding textbooks or class notes for rent or sale, web links for assignments, or solved assignments would be available for sale on the website of Book Worm. Book Worm would be offering a wholesome academic assistance to the students (Barkema and Vermeulen 7-26). 1.2.3 Suppliers Suppliers have a major role to play in the marketing environment because they are one of the integral players in the supply chain. Book Worm would be selecting the book wholesalers in California to avail the books for the customers. The second hand books or old class notes and assignment can be procured from the students, so they will play the role of suppliers in this case. However, as the business grows in terms of size and revenue, Book Worm can also directly procure books from the publishers and their stockists (Belin and Pham 44-50). II MARKET ANALYSIS This section of the study plays a major role in the give-and-take of marketing theory because

A Jazz Song Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Jazz Song Analysis - Essay ExampleHer vocalization, diction, and delivery are extraordinary, with a slight touch of a Southern drawl her tenor is slow but steadfast, crude but charming, childlike but sophisticated.The songs texture is significant all the way through, particularly at the moments when Holiday is chanting. The song starts with a unique sound but moves back when lyrics come out, and the tattle of Holiday surfaces to the center stage. Hence the distancing of the arrangement of the vocal and musical components emphasizes the words that are being spoken (Kaplan 78). An instrumental sound dominates at first and hence weakens a bit, and then the lyrics and the singers voice become the focal point for the listener. The quality of the vocals sound and their stable poetic rhythm further fortify the impact of the words on the listeners. The deep-toned singing of Holiday generates a haunting and gloomy atmosphere. Likewise, the low pitch of the combined sound of the trumpet a nd piano produces a sad melody.Strange Fruit was composed by Abel Meeropol, a union advocate and Jewish educator, who was resentful after having a glimpse of a forecast of a dreadful lynching in a magazine dedicated to the civil rights movement (Greene 58-59 Clarke 163). The photograph was an image of two Black men put-upon by lynching and dangling from a tree in Marion, Indiana in the 1930s. These two men are what the Strange Fruit symbolizes. This song was performed by a group of black musicians in an antifascist campaign (Margolick 6). In 1939, race relations in the U.S. were as terrible as in the first place. It was nearly two decades before the civil rights movement began to bring about any actual improvement. It was at the most desperate point of the Great Depression and the public pushed Holiday to stimulate a positive atmosphere through her lively attitude (Albertson 21 Pramuk 358).Such is

Grants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Grants - Essay ExampleGrants from funding agencies to help promote literacy in primary schools SAMPLE GRANT NO. 1 . sum-up Information Government Education Grant. Supplemental Education Service Providers Program Study Center. The subject area is Reading K-4. One on maven tutoring one student for every one instructor. Maximum cost Rs. 32/- per hour. Target group Students living on the South side of District Hometown or attend school there. Following the standard elements of a proposal, the main guidelines First, The Title Page. Then, The Abstract Regular and consistent classes for improving the reading skills of economically backward children, to make a difference in their lives in all areas. Lesson plans include CIERA (Center for the Improvement of Early Reading Achievement) strategies through guided reading. The over-all focus is on the six dimensions of reading instruction manual phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, text comprehension, and motivation. Introduction Statement of the problem Poor academic performance of non-native English speaking children, from poor families. Purpose of the work To improve preteen childrens reading skills before they are caught in a cycle of failure.

Human resource management simulation game of Green leafs hotels Essay

Human resource management simulation game of Green leafs hotels - Essay ExampleAbsenteeism was also not much than the national average of 498 simply equal to it.For the second butt, the cost of hiring and layoffs dropped to $185,000. This comprised a sum of 60 new hiring, 5 new progression additions and 5 promotion losses. This move helped in recording no overage or shortages. Different grade of wages increases were carried out across various levels given as $20, $15, $10, $7, and $5. This was in relation to a total training cost of $33,800. Indeed, the department did not pay as much attention to issues of training as it did in the foregoing quarter. The reason was that there were not as many new vacancies that needed to be filled. But the absence of training slightly increased accident rates and absenteeism (Chen and So, 2002).The total cost of hiring and layoff for the third quarter came up to $158,000. This entailed 59 new hiring, nine new promotions nine promotion losses. C onsequently, there was no vacancy, anytime there was a loss of promotion position. Except for level 5, there was planned wage increase across all levels with levels 4, 3, 2 and 1 recording increases of $60, $55, $50 and $45. This was in relation to overall training cost of $33,800 just as in the second quarter. This means that we learnt from our mistakes in the second quarter were wages increases were not employ as a means of morale boaster to ensure that there was sufficient wage increases this time round. The motivation helped in improving punctuality but because cost of training was not increased, minor accidents were still recorded (Hissam and Daniel, 1999).The fourth quarter saw one of the least total costs of hiring and layoffs, which came up of $100,000. some(prenominal) of these went into promotions as compared to hiring as there were 50 new hiring less than previous quarters but 19 promotions far more than had been for any previous quarter. This quarter saw the highest in crease in

How Critical is the Critical Period Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How Critical is the Critical Period - Essay ExampleIt means that if the input of language does not take place after this particular while the individual will experience difficulty in obtaining a complete language. The proof for such a time is restricted, and assistance stems extensively from hypothetical disputes and similarities to early(a) significant stages in biology like visual explainment, but nevertheless is accepted widely. Such a critical occlusives nature has however been the fiercest issues debated in cognitive science and psycholinguistics for decade. A Few writers have proposed an optimal or sensitive time other than a critical one. Some other writers dispute on the reasons that include cognitive mind of language factors and physical maturation. The critical periods duration varies as well greatly in various accounts.In animals, a critical period refers to the biologically determined period during which learning must take place in order for development to happen. Du ring a small window of time, the juvenile person bird listens to and copies the song of a tutor after the critical period closes, such copying is not possible. Blindfolded kitten do not develop normal vision but if the blindfold is removed before eight weeks normal vision can be restored.In humans, if strabismus (crossed eyes) is not rectify in early childhood that is before the age of three a child will not develop normal binocular vision. The critical period for susceptibility to strabismus begins soon after birth and shows continued susceptibility to at least 4.6 years.According to Eric Lenneberg, language acquisition is not possible at the age of two because the human brain is not sufficiently mature. After puberty normal language acquisition is not possible because the brain is physically mature. Lenneberg says that there exists maturational limitations on the period that a primary language can be obtained. The acquisition of the first language depends on neuroplasticity. If the acquisition

My Hobby Essay Example for Free

My Hobby EssayDifferent people like different hobbies. nearly like to spend their spare time in reading their favorite books. Some persons have the interest of collecting stamps or coins. Bird watching is as well a hobby for some people. Still other like to spend their free time in tending. Photography is too a popular hobby for certain persons. But it is quite an expensive hobby and every one may not be sons to afford it. Fishing and swimming are also good hobbies.My favorite hobby is gardening. We have a spacious ground attached to our house I have developed this open space into a beautiful garden. I an always devoting my free time for the up keeping of my beautiful garden which is very dear to me. I get a grit of joy and pride when I visit my garden in my free time.In my garden I have planted some fruit trees. I have also planted some plants of beautiful flowers. Now I have also stated growing vegetables. Our needs for fruit and vegetables are wholly met from my small garden, which give me a great sense of achievement. I am really proud of my garden which is admired by all who visit our house.My garden is also full of sweet smelling and beautiful flowers. The blooming flowers of different colors greatly enhance the beauty of my garden.Thus, my hobby is giving my immense pleasure. Whenever I am much tired of my routine work, I just go to my garden and lie there on the green grass in the center of blooming flowers. The sweetness fills my nostrils and I feel very active and smart again. My hobby provides me a good amount of physical exercise, too.

Developing New Design Strategies Essay Example for Free

Developing New Design Strategies EssayThe ignorance of environmental values/impacts that ar ranged from topical anesthetic anesthetic to regional scales in the normal and aspect processes, burdens the inconveniences of the modern living milieus. Locality bears particular values in terms of natural, built and cultural context that constantly shape the local identity by dint ofout the ages. expulsion of this set of values in the development of the built environment, in conjunction with the consumer wise approaches of global trends, is ended up with an unsatisfactory living milieu. In this respect, the privation of environmental and socio-cultural aspects especially in the expression design is the vital issue behind the questioning of existing understanding towards the context and its products. As it is faced with the thought-provoking global circumstances related to the destructive effects of human activity on the nature, the need for the perspective of jargon cultures and customss, which atomic number 18 developed within local natural context, becomes natural.Quick Outlook to the Residential Developments of Cyprus Cyprus chamfer kept its consistent evolution and reserved its distinctive identity in the Mediterranean basin in spite of political fluctuations in its history (Hill). The interaction between migration, political change and lingo distress is a process, which influences the culture of the Island all through the history. The vernacular computer architecture of Cyprus has always been influenced by the immigrant communities in time. These communities, who moved to or conquered Cyprus in different periods, were entirely foreign and unfamiliar to this crude context. Consequently, the prevailing vernacular architecture started to lose its peculiar values and distinct architectural characteristics according to this reciprocal interaction.Although, the vernacular signal is constantly developed by the considerable alterations of its mass i n the form of limited additions and subtractions for responding the changing lifestyle and immigrants demands in time, the general characteristics of the rural house form is sustained (Numan and Dincyurek, I.112). Especially, later 1950s, the sustainability of the vernacular architectural identity is except limited to the conscious or unconscious conservation of the existing vernacular settings instead of the continuation of the vernacular twist activities. The impacts of Annan Plan and its Referenda for Re-unification of the Island, which was proposed and organized by popular Secretary of UN in 2004, extremely influenced important features, including political, socio-cultural, and economical parameters, of the Island. Undoubtedly, the vernacular architecture of the Island implicitly affected from this important development (Dincyurek and Turker, 3385).Although, the reunification was not realized because of its rejection in the referenda by the majority in the Southern (Greek) r egion, the encouraging (opportunistic) atmosphere of this reunification and optimistic projection for the common future be kept before and after the referenda. This positive atmosphere accelerated the growth of the construction activities especially in the Northern (Turkish) region in terms of summer houses or second houses for the local people and foreign investors. After Annan Plan, the sudden increase in the housing developments particularly in Northern part is noticeable. Despite of this boom in construction activity, the format of this development cannot be considered as the improvement in the field because of the repeating of the ready-made design schemes, which are not related with the contextual realities.Besides the other reasons, the search for economically cheaper global trends in architecture (Turker and Pulhan), which can bring the most of the benefits for the recently established construction firms, can be stated as amongst the reasons to the construction activities, which are deviating from the quality and characteristics of the vernacular architecture. In brief, the recent housing developments have no relation at all with the vernacular architecture of Cyprus. The Search in Understanding the Association between Cyprus Vernacular and Current Architectural Developments Many scholars stated the different familiaritys between vernacular building traditions and current architectural developments (Asquith and Vellinga Oliver Warren, Worthington and Taylor). Rapoport attracts the attention of the researchers to four main points on the issue mainly, the ignorance of the vernacular context the acceptance of vernacular but no attempt for getting useful lessons the copy of the vernacular settings and the use to get lessons and applied to the new design (55).According to our investigations, similar series of attitudes can be observed in the interpretation of vernacular architecture of Cyprus. These are To ignore the presence of vernacular totally To imitate the whole form of vernacular To establish an association with the vernacular To interpret and to get valuable lessons from the vernacular building heritage. In general, the vernacular architecture is a course that is generated by local values and needs, environmental necessities and availabilities, and infinitely changing impacts. It is an evolving process which is shaped by trial and errors. It is also influenced by the local and regional constraints. This process does not deny the accumulation of the building tradition of the past. Furthermore, it may adapt itself to the changing parameters of the context. The conscious and unconscious responses are quite influential on this kind of evolution. There is no place for direct term of enlistment to this process.These general characteristics of vernacular architecture can be observed in Cyprus vernacular as well until 1950s. The process of Cyprus vernacular architecture suddenly stop by the rapid introduction of the new m odern lifestyle and its requirements to the Island, especially in the second quarter of the 20th century (qtd. in Schaar, et al.). The vernacular building tradition could not adjust itself to these significant changes in the way of life and building activities. After this interference to the vernacular building process, different approaches and attitudes can be noticed in the built environment of Cyprus, which are mentioned in the above lines. a. To ignore the presence of vernacular totally The penetration of almost similar houses, which are the repetitive products of the modern trends, into the vernacular environments is extensively developed in the Island. The realm of high-style or grandiose architecture and its necessities are familiarized in both urban and rural areas of Cyprus (Figure 1a).In some examples, the harmonization of the stylistic understanding of modern architecture and the local needs is developed (Figure 1b). On one hand, these limited examples are providing corre ct answers to the response of the contextual needs by considering modern lifestyle and technological advancement. On the other hand, the majority of the recently built architectural examples exhibits the repetition of the unsatisfactory and insufficient architectural, structural and constructional solutions, which do not correspond with the realities of modern lifestyle, new building materials, techniques and technologies (Figure 1c).b. To imitate the whole form of vernacular In the new building design, the approach of copying or imitating the whole form of vernacular houses is rarely encountered in Cyprus. However particularly in the rural areas of Cyprus, only a negligible number of examples, which are totally copied or imitated from vernacular house by the traditional builders has seen. The rarity in this kind of examples is due to the adaptation of the new modern lifestyles by the natives and also the formal unfamiliarity of the immigrants of the Island. On the other hand, the e xceptional examples of the imitation of existing forms cannot verify the efficiently continuation of the vernacular building tradition.a. Grandiose attitude of domestic architectureb. Synthesis of modernist lines with local realmsc. Unfamiliar approach to the contextFigure 1. Different design attempts in modern residential architecture of Cyprus c. To establish an association with the vernacular The design attitude of conscious or unconscious establishment of association with the vernacular in the new design is extensively practiced in the recent building activities of the Island. However, it is not an attempt to completely copy the existing form. Without understanding the vernacular building tradition, the examples of this approach coming into court signs of either too romantic or superficial attempt of an architect. Instead of identifying all aspects, which generate the vernacular building tradition, only few design parameters, or considerations, or architectural elements of vern acular building are particularly emphasized in this approach. In general, the architectural elements or spatial formations are repetitively utilize in the recent housing developments without considering their genuine reasons and usages in the vernacular building tradition.According to the varying emphasis of establishing an association with the vernacular, different concepts and attempts are noticed. c.1. Making association with the vernacular through the senses In some examples, the design is mainly based on the reference to the memories of the past spatial experiences. In other examples, it is also assertable to establish an association with vernacular either by emphasizing the sense of place/building or by the repeating of the shared images of vernacular in the new design. One of the examples is extremely remarkable. The architect (who he is also the owner) achieved an association with the vernacular in his new house by recalling the past experiences based on vernacular forms, shapes, and space. This example is not indicating a particular house type of Cyprus vernacular.With a romantic/passionate approach, the formations of space are based on the feasible resemblances of his past spatial experiences, whereas he is forced to leave his own house in his childhood because of the bi-communal conflicts. However, the reconstruction of a house form, which is existing in the memories, in another place actually does not meet the realms of new context but only fulfilling the sense of identity and belonging. Instead of using earth as available local building material, and adobe as locally accepted construction system, the architect preferred to use stone as material and military strength wall as structural system for achieving the rebirth of his dreams in an existing vernacular house.Therefore, the aim for the sense of belonging is experienced. (Figure 2) c.2. Making association with the vernacular through the building materials and construction techniques Besides, the formal, visual and textural peculiarities of the traditional building material and construction techniques, which help to constitute a vernacular image in the new projects, they are still preferred in some of recently built houses because of their environmental, especially climatic performances. The stone wall construction, where the local material is available, is widely utilise with the employment of achieving micro climate in the interior spaces.Figure 2. The house example which was developed based on recalls of past spatial experiences To create an accentuation in the similar pattern is another reason for the usage of traditional building material and methods in the recently developed areas (Figure 3). Stone as a construction material is selected and applied especially in some parts of the typical reinforced concrete frame buildings. Sometimes, it is possible to observe the re-use of old building materials, or existing structural/architectural members in the new construct ions. This harmful attitude of professionals accelerates the destruction of vernacular houses and settings in sake of gaining unethical profits.Figure 3. Traditional materials were used in this example to make accentuation in the context c.3. Making association with the vernacular through the use of building elements The building elements, which form the essential components of vernacular architecture, are commonly used in the new buildings. The formation of significant building elements of vernacular such as arch, arcade, inner or outer(prenominal) hall, is realized in the recent building developments by using either traditional or contemporary building materials and its techniques. However, in these examples, where they convey particular building elements of the vernacular form, it is possible to notice the repetition of common mistakes in terms of environmental, architectural, structural or functional aspects. Position and orientation Position and orientation decisions of the h ouse and its components, are important design concerns in the vernacular architecture of Cyprus.

Memorandum for new model to FQHC Service Plan Essay Example for Free

Memorandum for new model to FQHC Service Plan EssayIt is to project a new service channel to the existing service model of FQHC which is currently doing friendship development activities in the nation. Recently we found that the local anesthetic community does not have any drug refilling center even though most of the men and women wanted to change their lifestyle. The alcohol consumption wander in adults is very high and is affecting the family lives and the development of the children. The income earning rate has reduced drastically during the past 3 years and work place absenteeism has change magnitude. Family conflicts have increased and child crime levels are also showing up due to the lack of family discipline and reduced family income levels. The adult crime rate and workplace fermenting has roused to beyond normal levels and the local police control is become inadequate during some instances. So the local community elders have decided to establish an intoxi sesst rehabilitation centers to bring reformation in the lives of the community people.The community elders wanted to cooperate the establishment by giving vacant land and building on lease for a period of 5 years to use them as drug de addiction centers. The community intends to have a para health check examination clinic to facilitate the medical interaction to the community. Also the community solicits that awareness camps on alcohol consumption risks and the hope for rehabilitation should be promoted more in the community to bring them aside of addiction. In this regard, as a health consultant, it is proposed that FQHC should take the initiative and readiness on the community awareness programs.As the local community centers have the inability of establishing the Paramedical clinic for the drug rehabilitation due to the lack of know how and the lack of support staff and the lack of financial supplies. And it is identified that community needs proficient and financial cooperation of FQHC to bring the functional program of alcoholic rehabilitation to the community, it is proposed that FQHC should invest initially in establishing the centers, where in it can draw funds gradually.And FQHC should validate the local community centers about their Stand of Capability to carry on the proposed program, conducting the free campaign for the general check up in the rural areas, conducting campaigns regarding the awareness. Through this FQHC can encourage the community initiative to bring the vulnerable drug addicts out of the addiction, by giving them a hope in life. As the local community centers exercise good established connections and rapo with the public, media and facilities they can employ to the best output of the program.The local communities can conduct training and awareness programs and can monitor the medical camps and the clinic and can report the FQHC on the program progress from time to time. Owing to the fact that FQHC, several health programs funded un der the Health Center Consolidation Act, we request you to give the opportunity to serve the community by joining hands with you.References FQHC Frequently Asked Questions, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http//www. raconline. org/info_guides/clinics/fqhcfaq. phpcertification DRUG DE-ADDICTION PROGRAMME, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http//www. mohfw. nic. in/kk/95/ia/95ia0j01. htm Drug treatment and rehabilitation services, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http//www. spym. org/drugprojects. htm George Kaplan, Health Status Disparities in the United States, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http//www. wilsoncenter. org/events/docs/Kaplan1. pdf Drug Rehab Programs, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http//www. drug-rehabs. com/ Michael G.Boyle Thomas P. Murphy, Guidelines for Linking Addiction Treatment with Primary Healthcare Developed for the Behavioral Health Recovery focus Project, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http//www. bhrm. org/guidelines/BHRM%20Primary%20Care%20Integra tion. pdf Drug treatment and rehabilitation services, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http//www. spym. org/drugprojects. htm How to Write Memos, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http//elc. polyu. edu. hk/CiLL/eiw/memos. htm

European Union’s Democratic Deficit: A Critical Assessment

European totalitys egalitarian Deficit A Critical AssessmentIntroductionTheEuropean fusion is in a middle of a crisis. The worst part of its economiccrisis has passed besides it still faces even more severe write a trust crisis. batch do not feel re defended by the European confederation and arrive turned theirsupport towards populist and radical movements. Whatis the basis of this crisis? Some authors melt to say it is the EUs elected deficit. Thus, since thither is a coarse gap between what EU citizenswant from their politicians and how the EU bureaucrats and foundation garments act. Thisleads to a situation where the humanitys opinion and desires are not taking intoaccount by the em consistence that should represent them1.Yet, for the first time we need to analyse in detail what a representative deficit means to then character this problem. Democratic deficit is a tricky inconvenience as it does not have a wide accepted definition between politics and law scholars. Depending on the author and its background, the frontier can be used with different connotations and meanings hence, the results of the analysis tend to take care on the notion of antiauthoritarian deficit the author uses2.Therefore,first, we shall develop our own democratic deficit conceptual approximation.Then, we will be able to lead a critical assessment on representation andparticipatory actual problems of the European labor union. Afterwards, we will haveall the tools infallible to address in detail if there is a true democraticdeficit problem in the European coalition and to propose some possible alternativesto solve it.The European sum total and Democratic DeficitIf a hyperbole is permitted, democratic deficit may have as many meanings as authors have discussed it. It is not an easy issue to address or to encompass in a single-simple definition. First of all, especially because, even though we can agree on some basis for democracy, in wide terms it is an ambiguous su bject. So, what an author considers a democratic deficit will be highly influenced by what he considers to be a democracy. Oneof the first scholars to use this term was British David Marquand. He used itto define the democratic genuineness faintness of then- European association. Hesuggested direct elections for representatives before the European sevens.When this was adopted, the issue around European Community democraticlegitimacy arose even further, as for the European fan tan represented thevoice of the European Community citizens but the Community was not ready togive more powers to the parliament, causing more tension. After the approval ofthe Maastricht treaty, the problem grew. Two pillars were added to the Union(common Foreign and Security Policy and root word Affairs), and in none of them the fan tan had any control3.Other authors propose the democratic deficit problem in the terms of abackwards Humes is/ought as they consider there is a discrepancy between isand oug ht/ should in the European Union4institutions and democracy as the transfer of substantial amounts of politicaldecision-making towards the supra content level on non-elected institutions hasdiminished the democratic influence and the basic control the citizens have ontheir political institutions. Itis obvious that at the first stages of the European Community it was reasonableand necessary to keep citizens away from decision-making as it was initiallydesigned to be an economic community and not a political institution5,but its goals mutated in time. The Community passed from a stringently economicinstitution to a political one. As it was a community formed by democraticcountries, one could expect that the supranational body they formed would to a faulthave democratic and participatory channels. Nonetheless(prenominal), European Union turnedinto a bureaucratic and political giant that has slowly diminished the nationalentities and directly-elected supranational bodies -European Parl iament- andpassed it to its hands.Yet,other approaches6suggest that, even though the democratic deficit issue is real, it has to beattributed to the Unions member states, kinda than the Union itself.integration between European states was responding to a series ofalready-existing democratic legitimacy issues within the states. They arguethat the Union is not democratic enough because the member states have not beenable to democratise their integration. The issue of the lack of democracywithin European Union institutions is not considered as the cause of theproblem, but the natural consequence of the democratic deficit of EuropeanUnion members. Thisperspective must be necessarily rebuked. Even with their flaws, most of theEuropean Union members have developed and stable democracies. If an institutionposes itself as the supranational ruler of a continent and its legitimaterepresentative, it must follow the same form of government that those nationalunits it intends to rule, which i s democracy. Where could European Unionlegitimacy come if not from its citizens? The Unions decisions directly impactits citizens, as very(prenominal) much as a national government decision, or even more. It alsobreaks citizens capacity to rely on the regular channels of influence voting-to ensure they are being listened and to participate in political process7.The lack of democracy of the Union and is tightness to evolve and acceptcitizens demands only causes further disgust and loss of legitimacy. EuropeanUnion is a sui generis institution,as it is not a state but it represents them and takes decisions in their name,therefore it should be held accountable for its decisions in direct elections. Onecannot fail to notice that there is a deep democratic deficit in the EuropeanUnion from the turn protrude in its elections. Ever since legislative powers weretransferred to the Council of Ministers of the European Union from the nationalgovernments, the setup of the European Union shift ed from that of an economicblock to that of a political one. The lack of democracy in the Union has beenevident in the elector turnout. From the first vote in 1979, the turnout has beengoing write down and lower with the 2014 election having a disappointing turnout of42.54%. Compared to the individual member nations where the average voterturnout is 68%, this is a sign that the members of the European Parliament havenoted something wrong with the setup and are so silently revolting. This hasled to the debate as to what ought to be done to get the Union back on track.While one side states that reforms are enough to make the Union serve its take, others think the European Union should be scarce debunked. The fact thatthe European Union has a lot of benefits for its member states and the world ingeneral, however, means that its abolishment is not the best solution. To getthe best solution for the case, therefore, withdraws an in-depth analysis of howthe Union works and where it is failing. The Origin of the Democratic Deficit of the European Union Lookingat the origins of the European Union, it is easy to make the conclusion that itwas primarily meant to be purely economic and the introduction of the politicalaspects only complicated issues. The Treaty of Paris in 1951 saw to theformation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) which was meant to entrust a trading bloc for coal and steel in Europe as suggested by its name.In 1957, the Treaty of Rome saw to the establishment of the European EconomicCommunity (EEC). The EECs original members were known as the EuropeanCommunities. In 1993, the Maastricht Treaty would see to the establishment ofthe European Union. With the European Union came the introduction of Europeancitizenship. The latest of the treaties in this regard is the 2009 Treaty ofLisbon. While a lot has changed in the structure and function of the EuropeanUnion to the present moment, some of the problems that provoke the Union are thesame . TheManifesto for the Young European Federalists by Richard Corbett first raisedthe issue of the lack of democracy in the European Union in 1977 where the termdemocratic deficit was first used. David Marquand would later use the term inreference to the workings of the European Economic Community. The coining ofthe term primarily focused on the European Parliament, which was previouslyreferred to as the European Assembly, and why it had a deficit of democracy.The primary argument behind this assertion is that the Parliament was make upof members who had not been directly elected by the citizens of the EuropeanUnion. As such, the European Union was not serving the inevitably of its citizensbut those of a few people. Effectively, the European Union is thus notdemocratic enough apt(p) that it does not meet the definition of a democracywhere there is a government for the majority. The fact that the majority is notrepresented finished free and fair elections of the members of the Euro peanParliament is one point to the fact that there is a deficiency of democracy inthe Union. The European Constitution The European Union prides itself in democratic legitimacy through discordant aspects of the constitution. The first of these aspects is the European Parliament. The Parliament is subject to the electorates of the member states. The other organs are the Council of the European Union also called the Council of Ministers, and the European Council made up of the heads of national governments of the member states. The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union appoint the European Commission members. This system of making decisions is supposed to give the European Union democratic legitimacy in the same way the US endure of Representatives and the US Senate give democratic legitimacy to the United States. Decisions are thus to be r all(prenominal)ed by both bodies agreeing, and a trine organ in this case the European Commission.The intended democratic l egitimacy has, however, not been entirely attained by the European Union. The construction of the Union itself has occasioned what the German constituent(a) Court called a structural democratic deficit in the Union. This court established that the process of making decisions for the European Union was primarily those of an foreign organisation rather than those of a government. The difference is that, as an multinational organisation, the European Union found its democracy on the equality of the member nations rather than the citizens of these countries. It is thus difficult to reconcile the needs of the citizens and those of the member nations of the European Union provided its operation as an international organisation rather than a government. Similarly, the British Electoral put right Society filed a report in 2014 to the same issue of the EU constitution having a structure which focused on the needs of the member states rather than the citizens. The report stated that, whi le the European Union has focused on upholding the principles of democratic engagement, accountability and representativeness, there is the need to focus on the needs of the minority in any democracy. The European Union, being mostly made up of minorities, thus needs to have a focus on serving the needs of the citizens rather than those of the member governments8. Democratic Deficit and the European CommissionOne of the main structures put in place by the European Union in support of democracy is the European Commission. First, there has been blame concerning the legitimacy of the European Commission and its role in the initiation of legislation in the European Union. However, this criticism does not have the backing of facts as similar bodies within national governments have yielded similarly poor results. However, its position as a body that legitimises the European Union and its take on democracy has failed by a large extent. The main weakness with such a body, as also noted in the case of the United States government, is that the regulations may be so detailed that the member states have little freedom in making their decisions on legislation9. While the issue of a democratic deficit was noted as far back as the 1970s when the idea of a united Europe was still in development, democratic legitimacy has always been an issue the Union has been dealing with ever since. When the Treaty of Lisbon was put in place, its primary aim was to provide path for crack democracy in the region. The Treaty of Lisbon required that the President of the European Commission ought to take account of the results of the European Union parliamentary elections. This simply means that the President of the European Commission should be nominated by the most dominant group in the parliament. This step goodly makes the European Union a political body rather than the economic one meant for the over watch of the economic activities of Europe. In fact, the European Union, owing to thi s kind of structure, has become partially a federation and also an international organisation10. The President of the European Commission would thus be partly elected and partly appointed. This position gives the president less power than is needed to win the confidence of the population, and too much power to earn the trust of the governments of the member nations. The resulting model is one where little democracy is accorded to the citizens of the European Union and their governments as well. The European Parliament and Democratic Deficit When the European Parliament was set up, a lot of people were ready to voice its weaknesses in seeing to the implementation of legislation. However, political scientists would come to the rescue of this organ by stating that, first, the European Parliament is different from the parliaments of single countries due to various factors such as the lack of a divide between the government and the opposition, the presence of a divide between the executi ve and the legislature, the presence of political parties that are decentralised, bipartisan voting, and the roles of the various committees. For this reason, the European Parliament has been compared to the US House of Representatives but with the advantage of not having a governing body over it like the latter house. The fact that the majorities in the European Parliament have to be built each time while depending on negotiations, persuasions, and explanations ought to make it better in function than the US House of Representatives. This is true given that the lack of interference between the executive and the legislature has made the European Commission and the European Parliament more effective. For instance, the member states of the European Union have less than 15% of their legislative initiatives becoming the law. This is largely due to the lack of support from the executive. The executive bodies, on the other hand, rarely require the input of the legislature in the same nati ons to pass amendments. The role of the European Parliament is the propositioned amendments to the existing laws. The success rate of these amendments is as high as 80% with the lowest levels recorded (mostly for the hotly contested topics) is at 30%. Toan extent, however, the structure of the European Parliament allows for a levelof lack of accountability and weakness when it is compared to parliaments withan overwatch body like the case of the US House of Representatives.Voter Turnout in European Elections and the Impact on Democratic Deficit With any democracy, the legitimacy of the leadinghip in power heavily relies upon the turnout of the voters during elections. The European Parliament has had some of the lowest levels of elections voter turnout hence the reduction in its democratic legitimacy. This is based on the fact that the turnout of the European Parliament elections has been declining consistently since its formation. However, the President of the European Union, Pat Cox, said that the 1999 European Parliament elections and a far much better turnout than the presidential elections in the United States. Compared, the voter turnout for the presidential elections in the United States in 1996 was 49%. However, the voter turnout in the European Parliament elections for 1999 was at 49.51 percent. For both types of elections, this turnout was among the very lowest. Whileboth are at their lowest, it is difficult to use this as an excuse for the lackof democracy in the European Union. As a matter of fact, the case of the UnitedStates is very different from that of the European Union and the reasons forthe low voter turnouts. For the European Union, the people have an option ofwhether to belong to the Union or not. And the way they can show theirwillingness to belong or not belong to the Union is through participating (ornot participating) in its activities such as elections. The social aspect ofthe European Union, that of being accepted or rejected by t he people, has beenobserved in the way the people have turned out in low numbers at each EuropeanParliament vote11.The massive lack of cognition for the common citizen of the European Union hasled to the lack of participation by the voters. On the other hand, the UnitedStates electorate can have a low voter turnout for many other reasons none (orvery little) of which is being against the union that is the United States. Asit is, the European Union is not a very effective and efficient democracy giventhat its workings are not in line even with the developing democracies of theworld. First, it is torn between being a government, and an internationalorganisation. Secondly, the citizens, having seen that the democracy of theUnion does not work (and it is too complex to understand), are increasinglyceasing to buy into the idea of the European Union being there to make better theirlives through fostering democracy.Democratic Deficit and the Council of the European Union Anotherorgan of the European Union is the Council of the European Union. This Councilis also part of the efforts of the union to foster democracy among the memberstates. Its primary role is acting as the voice of the member governments ofthe EU while adopting the laws European Union and coordinating the polices ofthe union as well. Depending on the policies of the union, the governmentministers of the members states are the members or the Council of the EuropeanUnion. The presidency of the Council is held on a rotating basis (among thestates) with each president holding the office for 6 months only. The Councilcarries out voting on legislation and discussions with both exercises beingheld in public. The decisions are based on a qualified majority whereby atleast 55% of the countries (which is about 65% of the total population of theEuropean Union) are required. In blocking a decision, 4 nations are needed(being the equivalent of 35% of the European Union population). For issues thatare of an admini strative and procedural nature require a simple majority whilea unanimous vote is needed for the very sensitive topics such as taxation andforeign policy. Whilethe structure of the Council of the European Union seems to read democracy allthrough it, the same weaknesses that plague the European Parliament plague ithence it is just another example of democratic deficit in the EU. For one,own-initiative reports from either the European Parliament or the Council ofthe European Union do not have legal consequences as such to the member states.Also, both bodies cannot play major roles in the amendment and repealing oflegislation that is already in place. Lastly, and most importantly, the bodiesdo not address the needs of the citizens of the member nations. Looking at thestructure of the European Union, it is easy to conclude that the reason it hasnot met the needs of the citizens is because there is too much bureaucracybetween the top organs of the Union and the common citizens for the me mberstates. The organs are too separated from the citizens in that the decisionmade take a very long route to reach the citizen. The representatives also haveto make decisions which serve the needs of the Union and those of theirrespective(prenominal) countries an issue which often introduces a conflict of interest. What theEuropean Union has Done to Better Democratic Legitimacy All the concerns expressed here about the democratic legitimacy of the European Union have been expressed before by various persons and bodies and they have been heard by the people at the helm of the Union. For this reason, the Union has put in place various changes to the constitution with the focus being on doing away with the noted weaknesses in the laws and constitution of the Union in general. Among the changes made include the introduction of the Maastricht Treaty. This was a landmark treaty which is credited with the introduction of citizenship of the European Union. This citizenship would grant EU c itizens voting rights to the European Parliament in each of their countries. Even municipal elections of the European Union were also included in the treaty. The treaty would also introduce co-decision procedure in which the European Parliament was given powers that gave it an equal footing to the Council of the European Union in making legislative decisions12. These go would make the European Parliament much more functional and right on but not powerful enough to overcome the issues of being a purely democratic entity. The other change made to the constitution of the European Union is the Treaty of Lisbon. Becoming effective from the 1st of December 2009, the treaty saw to better representation of the EU citizens both directly in the European Parliament and indirectly through the Council of the European Union. This was meant to foster democracy and representation. The treaty would also see to the implementation and acceptance of the co-decision procedure as the primary procedure for the legislative dealings of the Union. The Treaty of Lisbon is also credited with tremendously increasing the powers of the European Parliament by a large extent13. One of the main areas in which the Treaty of Lisbon helped focus on the EU citizens was in giving the citizens the right to make petitions to the European Parliament concerning any matters of material effect14. This increased the powers of the citizen and their levels of participating in the making of decisions. Further on, the treaty would ensure that Council of the European Union meetings which discussed public matters are made public for all to see. In this way, the citizens can better understand the debates and the workings of the European Union. The Treaty of Lisbon also receives credit for improving on the role played by the national parliaments of the member nations in putting in place the laws and legislations of the Union15. Lastly, the Treaty of Lisbon is credited with giving the Charter of Fundamental Righ ts of the European Union full legal effect. This meant that various steps taken by the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, and the European Parliament would have full legal effect in areas where they apply16. Conclusion The workings of the European Union in seeking democracy have been so far ineffective on various levels as observed above. While there is intention from the leaders of the European Union to remedy these weaknesses in the workings of the Union, the fundamental reason why there have been low levels of success when it comes to attaining democracy for all citizens is its structure. It aims to exit like a government yet at its basic form it is an amalgamation of governments. Each of these governments have different needs, goals, histories and fundamental principles. The rest is that the leaders of each country first take care of their countries needs before those of the European Union. Also, its structure makes it difficult to make laws that will lead to better governance as each piece of legislation needs to have the needs of the many member states at heart. With time, it can be hoped that better legislation will be enabled for all the democracy to be attained. References Avbelj,M. 2005. Can the New EuropeanConstitution Remedy the EU Democratic Deficit?. EUMAP.org Campbell,M (2012) The Democratic Deficit of theEuropean Union. Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on theEuropean Union, p. 25. Castro,C. (2015). Assessing the Democratic Deficit in the EU towards a ParticipatoryApproach. RIPS, 14 (1), p. 63. Craig,P Grainne De P. P. Craig (2007). Chapter11 compassionate rights in the EU. EU natural law Text, Cases and Materials (4thed.). Oxford Oxford University Press. p. 379. Dilek,K. (2011). The Problem of Democratic Deficit in the European Union. International Journal of Humanities andSocial Science, 1 (5) p. 244. Electoral purify Society most the Gap Tackling Europes democratic deficit. EuropeanParliament Relations with National Parliaments. Innerarity,D (2015). The Inter-Democratic Deficit ofthe European Union The government activity of Europes Economic, Political and healthyTransformation. Pp. 173-174. Kelemen,R. (2012). The Rules of FederalismInstitutions and Regulatory Politics in the EU and Beyond. HarvardUniversity Press. pp. 2122. Milev,M. (2004) A Democratic Deficit in theEuropean Union? Master Thesis, I.H.E.I. p. 10. Schtze,R (2012). European natural Law.Cambridge University Press. p. 99.1Castro, C. (2015). Assessing the Democratic Deficit in the EUtowards a Participatory Approach. RIPS, 14 (1), p. 63.2Milev, M.(2004) A DemocraticDeficit in the European Union? Master Thesis, I.H.E.I. p. 103Milev (2004), pp. 11-12.4Dilek, K. (2011). The Problem ofDemocratic Deficit in the European Union. International Journal ofHumanities and Social Science, 1 (5) p. 2445Castro, C. (2005), p. 66.6Innerarity, D (2015). TheInter-Democratic Deficit of the European Union The Governance of Europes Econom ic, Political and LegalTransformation. Pp. 173-1747Campbell, M (2012) The Democratic Deficit of the EuropeanUnion. Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union,p. 25.8Electoral Reform Society Close the Gap Tackling Europes democratic deficit.9Kelemen, R. (2012). The Rules of Federalism Institutions andRegulatory Politics in the EU and Beyond. Harvard University Press. pp.2122.10Charlemagne. 2013. Ademocratic nightmare Seeking to confront the rise of Eurosceptics and fill thedemocratic deficit. The Economist. 11Avbelj, M. 2005. Can the New European Constitution Remedy theEU Democratic Deficit?. EUMAP.org12Schtze, R (2012). European ConstitutionalLaw. Cambridge University Press. pp. 3132.13Schtze, R (2012). EuropeanConstitutional Law. Cambridge University Press. pp. 434414Schtze, R (2012). European Constitutional Law. CambridgeUniversity Press. p. 99.15EuropeanParliament Relations with National Parliaments.16Craig, P Grainne De Burca P.P. Craig (2007). Chapte r 11 Humanrights in the EU. EU Law Text, Cases and Materials (4th ed.).Oxford Oxford University Press. p. 379.